Allergic Reaction Guide

Anaphylaxis — Severe Allergic Reaction

A life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate epinephrine and emergency care.

Anaphylaxis Can Kill Within Minutes

Use an EpiPen immediately if available and call 911/112. Anaphylaxis causes swelling of the airway, a dangerous drop in blood pressure, and can be fatal within 15 minutes.

Step-by-Step Instructions

1

Recognize the Signs

Hives, swelling (face, lips, throat), difficulty breathing, wheezing, rapid pulse, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, or loss of consciousness.

2

Use Epinephrine (EpiPen)

If the person has an EpiPen, use it immediately. Remove the safety cap, press firmly against the outer thigh (through clothing is OK), and hold for 10 seconds.

3

Call Emergency Services

Call 911/112 even if epinephrine is administered. The reaction can come back (biphasic reaction). A second dose may be needed after 5–15 minutes.

4

Position the Person

If breathing is difficult, help them sit upright. If they feel faint or dizzy, lay them on their back with legs elevated. If vomiting, place on their side.

5

Monitor Until Help Arrives

Stay with them. Be prepared for a second reaction. If they stop breathing, begin CPR immediately.

Do's and Don'ts

Do's

  • Use the EpiPen as soon as symptoms appear
  • Call 911/112 even after EpiPen use
  • Remove the allergen trigger if possible (e.g., remove bee stinger)
  • Note the time epinephrine was given

Don'ts

  • Don't wait to see if symptoms improve before using EpiPen
  • Don't make the person sit up if they feel faint
  • Don't give oral medications if they are having difficulty swallowing
  • Don't leave them alone

Aftercare

Always go to the emergency room after anaphylaxis, even if symptoms improve. Biphasic reactions can occur hours later.
See an allergist for testing and carry two EpiPens at all times. Get a medical alert bracelet.