CPR Guide Illustration

CPR — Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Life-saving technique when someone's heart stops beating or they stop breathing.

Call Emergency Services Immediately

Call 911 / 112 before starting CPR. If someone else is present, ask them to call while you begin chest compressions. Every second counts — brain damage can begin within 4–6 minutes without oxygen.

Step-by-Step Instructions

1

Check Responsiveness

Tap the person's shoulders firmly and shout "Are you okay?" Look for signs of breathing — chest rise, sounds, or air from the nose/mouth.

2

Call for Help

Call emergency services (911/112) or ask someone nearby to call. Ask for an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) if available.

3

Position the Person

Place the person on their back on a firm, flat surface. Kneel beside them at chest level.

4

Begin Chest Compressions

Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest (on the breastbone). Place your other hand on top and interlace fingers. Push hard and fast — at least 2 inches deep — at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute.

5

Give Rescue Breaths (if trained)

After 30 compressions, tilt the head back, lift the chin, pinch the nose shut, and give 2 breaths — each lasting about 1 second. Watch for chest rise.

6

Continue Until Help Arrives

Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths. Do not stop unless the person starts breathing, an AED is available, or professional help takes over.

Do's and Don'ts

Do's

  • Push hard and fast — don't be afraid of hurting them
  • Let the chest fully recoil between compressions
  • Minimize interruptions to compressions
  • Use an AED as soon as it's available
  • Switch with another rescuer every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue

Don'ts

  • Don't hesitate — imperfect CPR is better than no CPR
  • Don't bend your elbows during compressions
  • Don't compress too slowly or too shallow
  • Don't give up until professional help arrives
  • Don't move the person unless in danger

Aftercare & Recovery

Once the person is breathing, place them in the recovery position (on their side) and monitor breathing until paramedics arrive.
Keep the person warm with a blanket. Do not give them food or water.
After the event, seek emotional support. Performing CPR can be a traumatic experience for the rescuer.