Fracture Guide

Fracture — Broken Bone First Aid

How to immobilize and treat a suspected bone fracture before medical help arrives.

Do Not Move the Injured Limb

Moving a fractured bone can cause further injury, damage nerves or blood vessels. Immobilize the area and call for help. For spinal injuries, do NOT move the person at all.

Step-by-Step Instructions

1

Recognize the Signs

Intense pain, swelling, deformity, bruising, inability to move the limb, or grinding sensation. The person may have heard a snap or crack.

2

Immobilize the Area

Keep the injured limb as still as possible. Use a makeshift splint (rolled newspaper, stick, cardboard) padded with cloth. Splint the joint above and below the fracture.

3

Apply Ice

Apply an ice pack wrapped in cloth to the area for 15–20 minutes to reduce swelling. Never apply ice directly to skin.

4

Control Bleeding (if open fracture)

If bone is visible or the skin is broken, cover the wound with a sterile bandage. Apply gentle pressure around (not on) the wound. Do not try to push the bone back in.

5

Treat for Shock

Keep the person warm, still, and comfortable. Elevate the legs if possible (unless the leg is fractured). Monitor their breathing.

Do's and Don'ts

Do's

  • Immobilize the fracture in the position found
  • Apply ice wrapped in cloth to reduce swelling
  • Support the limb with slings or splints
  • Seek medical help — all fractures need X-rays

Don'ts

  • Don't try to straighten or realign the bone
  • Don't move the person if a spinal injury is suspected
  • Don't apply heat to the fracture site
  • Don't let the person eat or drink (surgery may be needed)

Aftercare

Follow the orthopedic surgeon's advice regarding cast care, weight-bearing, and follow-up X-rays.
Physical therapy may be needed after cast removal to restore range of motion and strength.